International Journal of Human Movement Science
ISSN : 1976-4391 (print)
ISSN : 2586-078X (online)
ISSN : 1976-4391 (print)
ISSN : 2586-078X (online)
Sport Video Gaming Verses Direct Instruction: Examining Sport Knowledge and Future Sport IntentionSeth E. Jenny , Jinwook J. Chung , Jennifer M. Krause 16(2) 1-19, 2022 DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2022.08.16.2.1
TitleSport Video Gaming Verses Direct Instruction: Examining Sport Knowledge and Future Sport Intention
Seth E. Jenny , Jinwook J. Chung , Jennifer M. Krause DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2022.08.16.2.1 AbstractWhile video gaming has pervaded society, dearth research exists investigating the ramifications of incorporating sport video gaming into sport-based physical activity courses. The purpose of this study was two-fold: 1) Determine whether direct instruction or video gaming (or a combination of both) is more effective in learning about a new sport; and 2) Examine to what extent does physically playing or playing a sport video game (or a combination of both) impact one’s intention to want to watch or physically play the sport in the future. This study employed a mixed methods pre/mid/post intervention design with two quasi-experimental groups. Participants included two classes of American university students with little prior knowledge of cricket enrolled in a “Global Games” course. Data was collected across two semesters with students enrolled in this course. During the first semester of data collection, participants first took a demographics questionnaire and cricket pre-test. This “Video Gaming First” (VGF; n = 17) group then played two 50-minute sessions of the video game Don Bradman Cricket, and then took a cricket mid-test. Next, participants partook in two 50-minute direct instruction physical activity lessons on cricket and then took the cricket post-test. Finally, the group participated in a 50-minute focus group session. The subsequent semester, to account for the order effect, all methods were replicated with the second class, except the two video gaming sessions were preceded by the two direction instruction sessions for this “Direct Instruction First” (DIF; n = 17) group. Results indicated that cricket knowledge significantly increased for the VGF from mid-test to post-test (p < .05, η2 = 0.71), while the pre-test to mid-test did not significantly differ. For the DIF group, there was a significant increase in cricket knowledge from pre-test to mid-test (p < .05, η2 = 0.77), while the mid-test to post-test did not significantly differ. No significant results were found regarding future intention to play or watch cricket. Overall, findings indicated that both groups significantly increased cricket knowledge from direct instruction but not from the cricket video gaming. However, while not statistically significant, the video game sessions did further increase cricket knowledge. Higher education physical activity course instructors may consider using a combination of video games and traditional instruction to teach sports to beginners, but the amount of video gaming equipment available and student training on how to use it should be considered. Key WordsSport pedagogy, Instructional technology, Esports, Gaming, PlayStation, Xbox |
Exploring Determinants of Outdoor Shoes PurchaseDaehwan Kim , Chaoyu Yin , Daehee Kim 16(2) 21-35, 2022 DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2022.08.16.2.2
TitleExploring Determinants of Outdoor Shoes Purchase
Daehwan Kim , Chaoyu Yin , Daehee Kim DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2022.08.16.2.2 AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to determine the factors influencing the purchase of outdoor footwear using Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA). For the purposes of this study, we focused on Busan residents of the MZ generation who have previously purchased outdoor activity footwear. Based on a convenience sampling method, a survey developed using Qualtrics Survey software was distributed to 630 participants, and 600 cases were included in the final analysis. In the first quadrant, the brand and function factors were more prominent than other factors, whereas customer service was more prominent in the second quadrant. Additionally, the promotion and design factors were more prominent in the third quadrant than other factors, whereas price and function were more prominent in the fourth quadrant. The current study provides meaningful insight into which outdoor shoe attributes play a significant role in the purchasing decisions of MZ generation consumers, thereby assisting sports marketers in developing effective and efficient product strategies to compete in the outdoor shoe market. Key WordsOutdoor shoes, IPA, MZ generation, Buying decision, Athleisure |
Examining the Role of Shared Leadership in Sport for Development and Peace Programs: A Leader PerspectiveSungjong Park , Carrie W. Lecrom , Jin-ho Yu 16(2) 37-57, 2022 DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2022.08.16.2.3
TitleExamining the Role of Shared Leadership in Sport for Development and Peace Programs: A Leader Perspective
Sungjong Park , Carrie W. Lecrom , Jin-ho Yu DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2022.08.16.2.3 AbstractA myriad of studies have focused on the impact of traditional leadership behaviors in sport for development and peace (SDP), with only a handful examining the impacts of shared leadership in this area. Within SDP, there is often a strong reliance on volunteers and trained staff who are in the field implementing programming, so formal leaders are not always present on the ground. As a result, the concept of shared leadership is highly appropriate and likely widely used. Yet there exists a lack of evidence on its impacts on SDP organizations and the leaders themselves. Hence, the purpose of this study was to examine the impact of shared leadership on masters (leaders) within the World Taekwondo Peace Corps (TPC). Notable findings from this qualitative study showed that shared leadership fosters enhanced organizational effectiveness, enhanced knowledge sharing and innovation, ethical climate-building amongst stakeholders, and the development of satisfaction through meaningful experiences. These findings indicate that shared leadership results in several outcomes for both the organization and the leader him or herself. Key WordsShared leadership, Sport for development and peace, Leader perspective, Taekwondo |
Analyzing the Relationship between the Major League Baseball (MLB) Attendance and the Length of Baseball Games: A Hierarchical Linear Modeling of the 2010-19 MLB SeasonsNamhun Lim , Sang Keon Yoo 16(2) 59-72, 2022 DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2022.08.16.2.4
TitleAnalyzing the Relationship between the Major League Baseball (MLB) Attendance and the Length of Baseball Games: A Hierarchical Linear Modeling of the 2010-19 MLB Seasons
Namhun Lim , Sang Keon Yoo DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2022.08.16.2.4 AbstractIn order to investigate the relationship between Major League Baseball (MLB) attendance and game duration, this study analyzed the number of spectators throughout the 2010-19 MLB regular seasons (N=24,297) with attendance determinants identified in earlier studies. Also, a three-level hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) was used in consideration of the characteristics of attendance data for several seasons, teams, and individual games. A total of 27 independent variables were used in the current research, and 17 attendance determinants, including game duration (γ =4.45, p<.05), were identified as having a significant impact on the number of spectators. Furthermore, by confirming the hierarchical structure of the attendance data, this study highlights how critical it is to utilize appropriate analytical methods. Based on these findings and statistical analysis that confirmed MLB's current attendance decline, these results will help in the development of a number of strategies to increase or sustain team’s attendance to practitioners. Key WordsMajor League Baseball, Game duration, Attendance data, Data analytics, Hierarchical linear modeling |
Effects of Lower Extremity Training on Unstable Surfaces on Muscular Strength and Balance in Middle-aged WomenLee Chae Kwan 16(2) 73-88, 2022 DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2022.08.16.2.5
TitleEffects of Lower Extremity Training on Unstable Surfaces on Muscular Strength and Balance in Middle-aged Women
Lee Chae Kwan DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2022.08.16.2.5 AbstractPurpose: This study examines the influence of lower extremity muscular training on stable supporting surfaces and unstable supporting surfaces on muscle strength and balance in middle-aged women. It aims to contribute to the design of a lower extremity exercise program for middle-aged females. Methods: In this study, 20 middle-aged women were randomly assigned into two groups―experimental group (ET, n = 10) and control group (CT, n = 10)―and tested at baseline and at the 8-week follow-up. Subjects in both groups were put on a lower extremity training program 2 times per week for 8 weeks. The intensity was set at 40%-50% intensity of 1RM for weeks 1-2, 50%-60% intensity of 1RM for weeks 3-6, and 60%-70% intensity of 1RM for weeks 7-8, with 10-15 repetitions. Subjects in the ET exercised on unstable surfaces, while those in the control group exercised on stable surfaces. Conclusion: In this study, the static balance was significantly improved in both the experimental group exercising on the unstable support surface and the control group exercising on the stable support surface. The dynamic balance, which was only improved in the experimental group exercising on the unstable support surface, improved in all directions except the backward. In this study, the strength and endurance of the knee extensors were improved in both the experimental group and the control group, and the strength and endurance of the knee flexors were improved only in the experimental group that exercised on an unstable support surface. Exercises on unstable surfaces further improve knee flexion. Thus, this study suggests that training on unstable support surfaces has a greater favorable effect on muscle strength and balance in middle-aged women than exercise on stable support surfaces. Key WordsUnstable surface, Lower extremity, Middle-aged women, Muscular strength, Balance |
Effect of the Pelvic Correction Exercise with Sports Taping Treatment on Trunk Isokinetic Muscle Function and Movement and Flexibility of Female Who Have Lumbar KyphosisPark Jeong Min , Ryu Sang Gyun , Cha Jun Yeol 16(2) 89-100, 2022 DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2022.08.16.2.6
TitleEffect of the Pelvic Correction Exercise with Sports Taping Treatment on Trunk Isokinetic Muscle Function and Movement and Flexibility of Female Who Have Lumbar Kyphosis
Park Jeong Min , Ryu Sang Gyun , Cha Jun Yeol DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2022.08.16.2.6 AbstractThis study aimed to provide fundamental data of pelvic correction exercise with sports taping treatment (PCE and STT) on trunk isokinetic muscle function and movement and flexibility of female who have lumbar kyphosis. This study conducted from April to September 2020 on female who have lumbar kyphosis who took part in PCE and SPT program. These subjects were compared with non-exercise group (NEG). Forty-eight voluntary subjects were divided by NEG (n=12), the second group who participated in the PCE and STT program 1 - 2 times a week (DEG, n=12), and the third group who normally participated in the PCE and STT (OEG, n=12), respectively. The results of this study were as follows: First, as a result of analyzing the change of trunk isokinetic muscle function according to PCE and STT, OEG was significantly improved compared to NEG and DEG. Second, as a result of analyzing the change of pelvic movement according to PCE and STT, OEG was significantly improved compared to NEG and DEG. Third, as a result of analyzing the change of flexibility according to PCE and STT, OEG was significantly improved compared to NEG and DEG. As conclusions, these results informed that the PCE and STT for 16 weeks would provide positive effects on trunk isokinetic muscle function and movement and flexibility. Key WordsPelvic correction exercise, Sports taping treatment, Trunk isokinetic muscle function, Pelvic movement, Flexibility, Female who have lumbar kyphosis |